![]() ![]() These findings suggest that food insecurity is associated with differential gut microbial and metabolite composition for which the future implications are unknown. Metabolites related to energy transfer and gut–brain-axis communication (picolinic acid, phosphocreatine, 2-pyrrolidinone) were elevated in FI students ( q < 0.05). FI students experienced significantly greater microbial diversity with increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Eisenbergiella, while FS students had greater abundance of Megasphaera and Holdemanella. Gut microbiome and metabolome were established using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ![]() Fecal samples were collected up to 5 days post survey-completion. ![]() Students were dichotomized into food secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) groups using a validated, 2-question screener assessing food security status over the previous 30 days. In this study we compared the fecal microbiome and metabolome of racially and ethnically diverse first year college students ( n = 60) experiencing different levels of food access. However, these findings may not translate to food insecurity, where an individual experiences inconsistent access to healthy food options. Voluntary caloric restriction (e.g., eating disorders) often results in alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function. ![]()
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